Word Journal

UNIT 1
Companies

Joint-stock company (n): a business which is owned by the group of people who have shares in the company

Shareholder (n): a person who owns some of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided

Multinational (n): involving several different countries, or (of a business) producing and selling goods in several different countries

Subsidiaries (n): a company which is owned by a larger company

Assets (n): (in business) buildings, equipment and land owned by a company

Merger (n): when two or more companies join together

Acquisition (n): something such as a building, another company, or a piece of land that is bought by a company, or the act of buying it

Dotcom companies (n): Of or relating to business conducted on the Internet

Entrepreneurs (n): someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity

Industrial (a): in or related to industry, or having a lot of industry and factories, etc

Stability (n): when something is not likely to move or change

Hierarchical (a): a system in which people or things are arranged according to their importance

Freelance workers (n): someone who is freelance

Consumers (n): a person who buys goods or services for their own use

UNIT 3

Strategy

Market (n): an open place or a covered building where buyers and sellers convene for the sale of goods

Competition (n): a contest for some prize, honor, or advantage

Opportunities (n): an appropriate or favorable time or occasion

Threats (n): a declaration of an intention or determination to inflict punishment, injury, etc

Objectives (n): something that one's efforts or actions are intended to attain or accomplish

Weakness (n): the state or quality of being weak; lack of strength, firmness, vigor, or the like

Potential (a): possible, as opposed to actual

Diverse (a): of a different kind, form, character

Leader (n): a person or thing that leads

Trend (n): the general course or prevailing tendency

Founder(n): a person who finds or establishes

UNIT 6
Marketing

Brand (n): kind, grade, or make, as indicated by a stamp, trademark, or the like

Promotion (n): advancement in rank or position

Manipulate (v): to manage or influence skillfully, especially in an unfair manner

Corrupt (v): to destroy the integrity of; cause to be dishonest, disloyal, etc

Global (a): pertaining to the whole world; worldwide

Value (a): relative worth, merit, or importance

Profit (n): the monetary surplus left to a producer or employer after deducting wages, rent, cost of raw materials, etc

Aspiration (n): strong desire, longing, or aim; ambition

Quality (n): an essential or distinctive characteristic, property, or attribute

Advertisement (n): a paid announcement, as of goods for sale, in newspapers or magazines, on radio or television, etc

Compete (v): to strive to outdo another for acknowledgment, a prize, supremacy, profit, etc

Consumer (n): a person or thing that consumes

Bombard (v): to attack or batter with artillery fire

Commercial (a): of, pertaining to, or characteristic of commerce

UNIT 6
Outsourcing

Globalisation p.59 (n): the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale
example : fears about the increasing globalization of the world economy.

Cost savings p.59 ():

Operating costs p.59 ():

Offshoring p.59 (n):the practice of basing some of a company’s processes or services overseas, so as to take advantage of lower costs.

Back office p.59 (n):an office or centre in which the administrative work of a business is carried out, as opposed to its dealings with customers.

Facilities p.59(n):a natural ability to do or learn something well and easily
example: he had a facility for languages.

Labour p.59(n):work, especially physical work
example: the price of repairs includes labour, parts, and VAT manual labour.

Redundant p.61 (adj):not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous
example: many of the old skills had become redundant.

Layoffs p.61 (n):a temporary or permanent discharge of a worker or workers
example: the workforce is on strike over lay-offs.

White-collar work p.61 (adj):relating to the work done or the people who work in an office or other professional environment.
example: denoting non-violent crime committed by white-collar workers.

Immigrants p.61 (n):a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
example: they found it difficult to expel illegal immigrants.

Surplus p.61 (n):
an excess of income or assets over expenditure or liabilities in a given period, typically a financial year.
example: a trade surplus of $1,395 million

Expand p.61 (v):become or make larger or more extensive.
example: their business expanded into other hotels.

Goods p.61 (n):to be desired or approved of.
example: it’s good that he’s back to his old self

Services p.61 (n):the action of helping or doing work for someone.
example: millions are involved in voluntary service.

Backlash p.61 (n):a strong negative reaction by a large number of people, especially to a social or political development.
example: a public backlash against racism